The effect of CFTR modulators on the microbiome in cystic fibrosis.

The advent of CFTR modulators has opened a new era in the treatment of cystic fibrosis, a disease that until recently seemed like a death sentence. These drugs have radically changed the approach to therapy, significantly improving the quality of life of patients. However, despite all the achievements, modulatory therapy is not a panacea: it remains lifelong and, unfortunately, does not eliminate the cause itself – a genetic defect.

Therefore, today it is especially important to understand how such therapy affects the body, and in particular the respiratory tract. After all, it is infections and inflammatory processes in the lungs that still remain the main threat to the lives of people with cystic fibrosis.

Studying how the microbiome—the unique world of microorganisms that inhabit our respiratory tracts—changes in response to new treatments offers a new way to look at the fight against lung infections. Whether and how new drugs alter this microbiome is only just beginning to unravel the mysteries.

In this review, medical scientists have gathered evidence about how the microbiome of patients with cystic fibrosis is changing under the influence of modern modulatory therapies.

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